{"id":12343,"date":"2024-12-09T12:10:25","date_gmt":"2024-12-09T11:10:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/article-vi-constitutional-court-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina\/e-brcko-district-constitution-and-law\/international-control-and-the-supervisor\/status-of-the-supervisor\/"},"modified":"2024-12-09T18:55:31","modified_gmt":"2024-12-09T17:55:31","slug":"status-of-the-supervisor","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-vi-constitutional-court-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina\/e-brcko-district-constitution-and-law\/international-control-and-the-supervisor\/status-of-the-supervisor\/","title":{"rendered":"Status of the Supervisor"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"p1\">The ruling authority in the Br\u010dko District, \u201carmed\u201d with impressive power, is the Supervisor.<span class=\"s1\"><sup>3658 <\/sup><\/span>Although his office has been set up as \u201cthe Office of the High Representative \u2013 North\u201d<span class=\"s1\"><sup>3659 <\/sup><\/span>and although he holds the title of \u201ca Deputy High Representative\u201d,<span class=\"s1\"><sup>3660 <\/sup><\/span>he is not de facto subordinated to the Office of the High Representative. The Supervisor of the Br\u010dko District practically enjoys independence and \u2013 restricted to the region \u2013 the same powers as the High Representative himself.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Therefore, his position cannot be explained without taking a look at the status and the function of the very High Representative. In principle, the position is based on two pillars: Annex 10 of the Dayton Peace Agreement and \u201cthe Bonn Powers\u201d. Annex 10 of the Dayton Peace Agreement deals with the implementation of the Agreement itself (\u201c<i>Agreement on Civilian Implementation<\/i>\u201d). The appointment of a person to run the Office of the High Representative, however, did not follow even on the basis of the Agreement itself, nor did the Agreement provide for the appointment of a High Representative. The parties-signatories to Annex 10 of the Dayton Peace Agreement, in accordance with Article I.2 thereof, requested his appointment in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the Security Council, meaning that it was not necessary for the Council itself to make his exclusive appointment.<span class=\"s1\"><sup>3661 <\/sup><\/span>Accordingly, the first holder of this office, the Swede Carl Bildt, was selected in London, in December 1995, and, on the basis of the Resolution of the Security Council No. 1031 from December 1995, he was appointed. In practice, the Peace Plan Implementation Conference, made up of 55 states and international organisations, at which the Peace Implementation Council was established, was in charge of the office of the High Representative. From the very beginning the institutional relation between the High Representative and the UN was not completely clarified.<span class=\"s1\"><sup>3662 <\/sup><\/span>Pursuant to Article II of Annex 10 of the Dayton Peace Agreement, the High Representative had the following duties: to monitor the implementation of the peace settlement, to maintain close contact with the parties to the Agreement, to co-ordinate the activities of the civilian organisations and agencies in Bosnia and Herzegovina, to facilitate the implementation of the Agreement, to participate in meetings of donor organisations; to report periodically to the UN and the member states to the Peace Implementation Council, to issue guidelines and receive reports from the International Police Task Force Commissioners, founded by Annex 11 of the Dayton Peace Agreement. Pursuant to Article III.3 of Annex 10 of the Dayton Peace Agreement, the High Representative shall have, under the laws of Bosnia and Herzegovina, all the rights and powers necessary to discharge his office. His comprehensive competences are guaranteed by Article V of Annex 10 of the Dayton Peace Agreement. He is a supreme instance giving a binding interpretation of the Agreement.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">At a conference in Bonn in December 1997, organised because of the unsatisfactory development of the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the basis of the Conclusion of 10 December 1997, the Peace Implementation Council has permanently expanded the powers of the High Representative.<span class=\"s1\"><sup>3663 <\/sup><\/span>Under this Conclusion, the High Representative has the right to adopt decisions binding on the authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, interim measures if the State authorities are not able to come to an agreement and, in general, \u201cother measures\u201d to secure the implementation of the Peace Accord. Extensive interpretation of \u201cthe Bonn Powers\u201d of the High Representatives \u2013 as well as those of the Supervisor, in the capacity of the Deputy High Representative \u2013 led to the OHR (and OHR-North) undertaking, and still doing so, measures of an executive and legislative nature, such as dismissing State officials in case they are not ready to cooperate.<span class=\"s1\"><sup>3664<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">When it comes to such extensive powers, the same applies to the Supervisor. The first holder of that office was appointed by the High Representative in 1997. His duties practically corresponded to the duties of the High Representative.<span class=\"s1\"><sup>3665 <\/sup><\/span>He had to ensure the implementation of the Agreement and the strengthening of democratic institutions. Further, he was in a position to render ineffective any law which was in conflict with the Dayton Peace Agreement, the BiH Constitution or orders of the Supervisor. The powers, which were exclusively specified in the Supplemental Award to the Arbitration Award for Dispute over Inter-Entity Boundary in the Br\u010dko Area of 15 March 1998,<span class=\"s1\"><sup>3666 <\/sup><\/span>included the right to remove from office any public official if they prove uncooperative. Anyhow, in the same decision, he was exclusively delegated the powers equivalent to those conferred upon the High Representative, such as \u201cthe Bonn Powers\u201d.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">One may come to a conclusion that the Supervisor is the supreme authority in the Br\u010dko District. With approval of the High Representative, he reports to the Tribunal that the Entities have fully met their respective obligations, and that the District authorities are functional and sustainable. Until such time, the Tribunal shall retain its obligations.<span class=\"s1\"><sup>3667<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The ruling authority in the Br\u010dko District, \u201carmed\u201d with impressive power, is the Supervisor.3658 Although his office has been set up as \u201cthe Office of the High Representative \u2013 North\u201d3659 and although he holds the title of \u201ca Deputy High Representative\u201d,3660 he is not de facto subordinated to the Office of the High Representative. The &hellip; <a class=\"text-primary\" href=\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-vi-constitutional-court-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina\/e-brcko-district-constitution-and-law\/international-control-and-the-supervisor\/status-of-the-supervisor\/\">Read&nbsp;more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":12342,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12343","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Status of the Supervisor - Commentary on BiH Constitution<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-vi-constitutional-court-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina\/e-brcko-district-constitution-and-law\/international-control-and-the-supervisor\/status-of-the-supervisor\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Status of the Supervisor - Commentary on BiH Constitution\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The ruling authority in the Br\u010dko District, \u201carmed\u201d with impressive power, is the Supervisor.3658 Although his office has been set up as \u201cthe Office of the High Representative \u2013 North\u201d3659 and although he holds the title of \u201ca Deputy High Representative\u201d,3660 he is not de facto subordinated to the Office of the High Representative. 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