{"id":12156,"date":"2024-12-09T12:10:24","date_gmt":"2024-12-09T11:10:24","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-12-09T17:31:11","modified_gmt":"2024-12-09T16:31:11","slug":"what-can-be-transferred-the-constitutional-responsibility-itself-or-the-right-to-exercise-a-responsibility","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-iii-responsibilities-of-and-relations-between-the-institutions-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-and-the-entities\/e-article-iii-5-additional-responsibilities\/article-iii-5a\/responsibilities-as-are-agreed-by-the-entities\/effects-of-an-agreement\/what-can-be-transferred-the-constitutional-responsibility-itself-or-the-right-to-exercise-a-responsibility\/","title":{"rendered":"What can be transferred? The constitutional responsibility itself or the right to exercise a responsibility?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"p1\">The effect of each agreement should be determined on a case by case basis given that each agreement has its own object and modalities. Two main variables seem to apply for any determination of which elements are being transferred: (1) What does the Constitution allow to be transferred? (2) What does the agreement itself provides?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">What is allowed to be transferred? Article III.5(a) could be interpreted as only allowing Entities to transfer to Bosnia and Herzegovina a right to exercise responsibilities rather than the full responsibilities themselves. We tend to disagree with such an interpretation. Our position is mainly motivated by the need to ensure the highest level of stability and coherence in the constitutional system of the allocation of responsibilities. By allowing Entities to revisit the initial allocation of competencies operated by the Constitution, the transfer agreement mechanism foresees a number of ways by which the stability and coherence of this system can be disturbed.<span class=\"s1\"><sup>2648 <\/sup><\/span>It is our view that Article III.5(a) should thus be interpreted in a manner that seeks to protect the coherence and sustainability of the system put in place by the Constitution and should not automatically open the door to arrangements that would introduce irrationality into this system.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Moreover, transfer agreements will often be followed by the adoption of legislation and the establishment of complex administrative structures delivering concrete public services to the population. This in itself argues for a clear constitutional framework allowing the transfer of responsibilities to occur in a rational and coherent manner. In the absence of clear provisions to the contrary in the transfer agreement itself, it is argued that a transfer agreement concluded under Article III.5(a) should be construed as transferring the relevant responsibility as a whole together with all accessory responsibilities required for the exercise of the principal responsibility.<span class=\"s1\"><sup>2649<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">What does the agreement itself provide for? As indicated above, Entities may wish to agree to a more restrictive set of arrangements.<span class=\"s1\"><sup>2650 <\/sup><\/span>While the extent to which they are entitled to do so has not been fully clarified yet, the developments in U 14\/04 provide a number of preliminary indications. The applicant in this case challenged the constitutionality of laws adopted by the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina relating to responsibilities that had been transferred by Entities in the field of indirect taxation.<span class=\"s1\"><sup>2651 <\/sup><\/span>Following the transfer of such responsibilities, Bosnia and Herzegovina had enacted a Law on Indirect Taxation System in Bosnia Herzegovina (hereinafter: Law on Indirect Taxation)<span class=\"s1\"><sup>2652 <\/sup><\/span>through which it established an Indirect Taxation Authority with a Governing Board (hereinafter Board) composed of the Finance Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Entities as well as three experts. This Board was vested with the authority to give prior approbation to the promulgation or amendment of legislation on indirect taxation to be enacted by the Federation, Republika Srpska or the Brcko District.<span class=\"s1\"><sup>2653 <\/sup><\/span>In more simple terms, the Entities had maintained their capacity to adopt legislation in the field of indirect taxation, but had conditioned their capacity to do so by transferring a right of prior approval to a body established by Bosnia and Herzegovina.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">The laws contested by the applicant in this case purported to amend existing legislation from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina regulating fiscal matters in the field of indirect taxation. Considering that the Board\u2019s approval had neither been sought nor given, the applicant argued that the laws adopted by the Federation were unconstitutional. In an important decision, the Court held that the failure by the Parliament of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina to obtain the consent of the Board amounted to a violation of Articles III.3(b) and III.5(a) of the Constitution, thus implicitly validating the notion that Entities can transfer less than their whole responsibilities.<span class=\"s1\"><sup>2654<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The effect of each agreement should be determined on a case by case basis given that each agreement has its own object and modalities. Two main variables seem to apply for any determination of which elements are being transferred: (1) What does the Constitution allow to be transferred? (2) What does the agreement itself provides? &hellip; <a class=\"text-primary\" href=\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-iii-responsibilities-of-and-relations-between-the-institutions-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-and-the-entities\/e-article-iii-5-additional-responsibilities\/article-iii-5a\/responsibilities-as-are-agreed-by-the-entities\/effects-of-an-agreement\/what-can-be-transferred-the-constitutional-responsibility-itself-or-the-right-to-exercise-a-responsibility\/\">Read&nbsp;more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":12155,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12156","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What can be transferred? The constitutional responsibility itself or the right to exercise a responsibility? - Commentary on BiH Constitution<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-iii-responsibilities-of-and-relations-between-the-institutions-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-and-the-entities\/e-article-iii-5-additional-responsibilities\/article-iii-5a\/responsibilities-as-are-agreed-by-the-entities\/effects-of-an-agreement\/what-can-be-transferred-the-constitutional-responsibility-itself-or-the-right-to-exercise-a-responsibility\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What can be transferred? The constitutional responsibility itself or the right to exercise a responsibility? - Commentary on BiH Constitution\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The effect of each agreement should be determined on a case by case basis given that each agreement has its own object and modalities. Two main variables seem to apply for any determination of which elements are being transferred: (1) What does the Constitution allow to be transferred? (2) What does the agreement itself provides? &hellip; Read&nbsp;more\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-iii-responsibilities-of-and-relations-between-the-institutions-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-and-the-entities\/e-article-iii-5-additional-responsibilities\/article-iii-5a\/responsibilities-as-are-agreed-by-the-entities\/effects-of-an-agreement\/what-can-be-transferred-the-constitutional-responsibility-itself-or-the-right-to-exercise-a-responsibility\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Commentary on BiH Constitution\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-12-09T16:31:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/app\/uploads\/2024\/12\/flags.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"686\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-iii-responsibilities-of-and-relations-between-the-institutions-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-and-the-entities\/e-article-iii-5-additional-responsibilities\/article-iii-5a\/responsibilities-as-are-agreed-by-the-entities\/effects-of-an-agreement\/what-can-be-transferred-the-constitutional-responsibility-itself-or-the-right-to-exercise-a-responsibility\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-iii-responsibilities-of-and-relations-between-the-institutions-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-and-the-entities\/e-article-iii-5-additional-responsibilities\/article-iii-5a\/responsibilities-as-are-agreed-by-the-entities\/effects-of-an-agreement\/what-can-be-transferred-the-constitutional-responsibility-itself-or-the-right-to-exercise-a-responsibility\/\",\"name\":\"What can be transferred? The constitutional responsibility itself or the right to exercise a responsibility? - Commentary on BiH Constitution\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-12-09T11:10:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-12-09T16:31:11+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-iii-responsibilities-of-and-relations-between-the-institutions-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-and-the-entities\/e-article-iii-5-additional-responsibilities\/article-iii-5a\/responsibilities-as-are-agreed-by-the-entities\/effects-of-an-agreement\/what-can-be-transferred-the-constitutional-responsibility-itself-or-the-right-to-exercise-a-responsibility\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-iii-responsibilities-of-and-relations-between-the-institutions-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-and-the-entities\/e-article-iii-5-additional-responsibilities\/article-iii-5a\/responsibilities-as-are-agreed-by-the-entities\/effects-of-an-agreement\/what-can-be-transferred-the-constitutional-responsibility-itself-or-the-right-to-exercise-a-responsibility\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-iii-responsibilities-of-and-relations-between-the-institutions-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-and-the-entities\/e-article-iii-5-additional-responsibilities\/article-iii-5a\/responsibilities-as-are-agreed-by-the-entities\/effects-of-an-agreement\/what-can-be-transferred-the-constitutional-responsibility-itself-or-the-right-to-exercise-a-responsibility\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Article III \u2013 Responsibilities of and Relations between the Institutions of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Entities\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-iii-responsibilities-of-and-relations-between-the-institutions-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-and-the-entities\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"E. Article III.5 \u2013 Additional responsibilities\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-iii-responsibilities-of-and-relations-between-the-institutions-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-and-the-entities\/e-article-iii-5-additional-responsibilities\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Article III.5(a)\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-iii-responsibilities-of-and-relations-between-the-institutions-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-and-the-entities\/e-article-iii-5-additional-responsibilities\/article-iii-5a\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":5,\"name\":\"Responsibilities as are agreed by the Entities\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-iii-responsibilities-of-and-relations-between-the-institutions-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-and-the-entities\/e-article-iii-5-additional-responsibilities\/article-iii-5a\/responsibilities-as-are-agreed-by-the-entities\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":6,\"name\":\"Effects of an agreement\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-iii-responsibilities-of-and-relations-between-the-institutions-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-and-the-entities\/e-article-iii-5-additional-responsibilities\/article-iii-5a\/responsibilities-as-are-agreed-by-the-entities\/effects-of-an-agreement\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":7,\"name\":\"What can be transferred? The constitutional responsibility itself or the right to exercise a responsibility?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/\",\"name\":\"UstavBiH.ba\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/#organization\",\"name\":\"UstavBiH.ba\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/app\/uploads\/2024\/12\/flags.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/app\/uploads\/2024\/12\/flags.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":686,\"caption\":\"UstavBiH.ba\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"What can be transferred? The constitutional responsibility itself or the right to exercise a responsibility? - Commentary on BiH Constitution","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-iii-responsibilities-of-and-relations-between-the-institutions-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-and-the-entities\/e-article-iii-5-additional-responsibilities\/article-iii-5a\/responsibilities-as-are-agreed-by-the-entities\/effects-of-an-agreement\/what-can-be-transferred-the-constitutional-responsibility-itself-or-the-right-to-exercise-a-responsibility\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"What can be transferred? The constitutional responsibility itself or the right to exercise a responsibility? - Commentary on BiH Constitution","og_description":"The effect of each agreement should be determined on a case by case basis given that each agreement has its own object and modalities. Two main variables seem to apply for any determination of which elements are being transferred: (1) What does the Constitution allow to be transferred? (2) What does the agreement itself provides? &hellip; Read&nbsp;more","og_url":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-iii-responsibilities-of-and-relations-between-the-institutions-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-and-the-entities\/e-article-iii-5-additional-responsibilities\/article-iii-5a\/responsibilities-as-are-agreed-by-the-entities\/effects-of-an-agreement\/what-can-be-transferred-the-constitutional-responsibility-itself-or-the-right-to-exercise-a-responsibility\/","og_site_name":"Commentary on BiH Constitution","article_modified_time":"2024-12-09T16:31:11+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1920,"height":686,"url":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/app\/uploads\/2024\/12\/flags.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-iii-responsibilities-of-and-relations-between-the-institutions-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-and-the-entities\/e-article-iii-5-additional-responsibilities\/article-iii-5a\/responsibilities-as-are-agreed-by-the-entities\/effects-of-an-agreement\/what-can-be-transferred-the-constitutional-responsibility-itself-or-the-right-to-exercise-a-responsibility\/","url":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-iii-responsibilities-of-and-relations-between-the-institutions-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-and-the-entities\/e-article-iii-5-additional-responsibilities\/article-iii-5a\/responsibilities-as-are-agreed-by-the-entities\/effects-of-an-agreement\/what-can-be-transferred-the-constitutional-responsibility-itself-or-the-right-to-exercise-a-responsibility\/","name":"What can be transferred? The constitutional responsibility itself or the right to exercise a responsibility? - Commentary on BiH Constitution","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/#website"},"datePublished":"2024-12-09T11:10:24+00:00","dateModified":"2024-12-09T16:31:11+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-iii-responsibilities-of-and-relations-between-the-institutions-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-and-the-entities\/e-article-iii-5-additional-responsibilities\/article-iii-5a\/responsibilities-as-are-agreed-by-the-entities\/effects-of-an-agreement\/what-can-be-transferred-the-constitutional-responsibility-itself-or-the-right-to-exercise-a-responsibility\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-iii-responsibilities-of-and-relations-between-the-institutions-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-and-the-entities\/e-article-iii-5-additional-responsibilities\/article-iii-5a\/responsibilities-as-are-agreed-by-the-entities\/effects-of-an-agreement\/what-can-be-transferred-the-constitutional-responsibility-itself-or-the-right-to-exercise-a-responsibility\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-iii-responsibilities-of-and-relations-between-the-institutions-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-and-the-entities\/e-article-iii-5-additional-responsibilities\/article-iii-5a\/responsibilities-as-are-agreed-by-the-entities\/effects-of-an-agreement\/what-can-be-transferred-the-constitutional-responsibility-itself-or-the-right-to-exercise-a-responsibility\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Article III \u2013 Responsibilities of and Relations between the Institutions of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Entities","item":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-iii-responsibilities-of-and-relations-between-the-institutions-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-and-the-entities\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"E. Article III.5 \u2013 Additional responsibilities","item":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-iii-responsibilities-of-and-relations-between-the-institutions-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-and-the-entities\/e-article-iii-5-additional-responsibilities\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Article III.5(a)","item":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-iii-responsibilities-of-and-relations-between-the-institutions-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-and-the-entities\/e-article-iii-5-additional-responsibilities\/article-iii-5a\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":5,"name":"Responsibilities as are agreed by the Entities","item":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-iii-responsibilities-of-and-relations-between-the-institutions-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-and-the-entities\/e-article-iii-5-additional-responsibilities\/article-iii-5a\/responsibilities-as-are-agreed-by-the-entities\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":6,"name":"Effects of an agreement","item":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-iii-responsibilities-of-and-relations-between-the-institutions-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-and-the-entities\/e-article-iii-5-additional-responsibilities\/article-iii-5a\/responsibilities-as-are-agreed-by-the-entities\/effects-of-an-agreement\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":7,"name":"What can be transferred? The constitutional responsibility itself or the right to exercise a responsibility?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/","name":"UstavBiH.ba","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/#organization","name":"UstavBiH.ba","url":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/app\/uploads\/2024\/12\/flags.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/app\/uploads\/2024\/12\/flags.jpg","width":1920,"height":686,"caption":"UstavBiH.ba"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12156","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12156"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12156\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12737,"href":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12156\/revisions\/12737"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12155"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}