{"id":12021,"date":"2024-12-09T12:10:24","date_gmt":"2024-12-09T11:10:24","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-12-09T16:41:23","modified_gmt":"2024-12-09T15:41:23","slug":"deprivation-de-facto-and-de-iure","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/protection-of-property-article-1-of-additional-protocol-no-1-to-the-echr\/interference-with-the-right-to-property\/deprivation-de-facto-and-de-iure\/","title":{"rendered":"Deprivation: de facto and de iure"},"content":{"rendered":"

Deprivation of property occurs in principle only when an owner is deprived of all his rights in accordance with the law or by application of a legal authorization with the same effects.1897 <\/sup><\/span>If the owner has his ownership right de iure but he is practically prevented from using his land, since the State uses it for some other purposes (for example, as a military training polygon) then it is de facto deprivation.1898 <\/sup><\/span>Therefore, de facto deprivation does not require any formal act on deprivation but covers all State authorities\u2019 measures which entail the same legal consequences as those of formal deprivation of property because of their strong effects.1899 <\/sup><\/span>De facto deprivation is an act whereby the State interferes with one\u2019s property in the general interest \u2013 or authorises third persons to do so. If, for example, a court decides to allocate an apartment with a common occupancy right to one of the divorced spouses, then it is not (de facto) deprivation, since the court does not work in the public interest but the court gives, in the (private) interest of one spouse, the priority right to the spouse whom it considers more important.1900 <\/sup><\/span>Interference with the property right is possible only if the applicable legislation deprives a spouse of his\/her property in an arbitrary and unfair manner (in this case: the apartment and occupancy right). If there is still a certain factual use of the property and justified faith in the future use of that property despite the State intervention, then it is not de facto deprivation but the control of use.1901<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

Examples of de facto <\/i>deprivation:<\/p>\n

\u25a0 The court\u2019s unlawful standpoint <\/i>that it does not have jurisdiction over the matter, the consequence of which is the fact that the owner cannot take possession of his property through the procedure of repossession of the property he abandoned;1902<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Declaration <\/i>of the apartment as \u201cabandoned\u201d and forcible eviction <\/i>of occupants although a legal remedy against deprivation of property, which has no suspensive effect, has been filed;1903<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Lawful prohibition of the enforcement of legally binding decisions for long years <\/i>and failure to re-regulate the legal status of the injured party;1904<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Adjournment of enforcement of repossession <\/i>of the apartment with an occupancy right, which has been ordered by a court, despite the time limits provided for by law;1905<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

Examples of de iure <\/i>deprivation:<\/p>\n

\u25a0 Lawful taking of possession of a land\/real property<\/i>;1906<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Retroactive annulment of a labour relationship<\/i>, entailing the cessation of all related rights;1907<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Allocation of a priority right to build<\/i>;1908<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Declaration of retroactive invalidity of purchase contracts<\/i>;1909<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Loss due to inflation <\/i>while waiting for collection of an amount from the public institution, if the loss is not compensated by the appropriate interest;1910<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Imposition of fines<\/i>;1911<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Lawful deprivation of the right to interest <\/i>for a certain period of time;1912<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Lawful prevention of <\/i>enforcement of a judgment relating to the compensation for damage<\/i>;1913<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Unlawful dismissal <\/i>of a claim for damages;1914<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Confiscation of a car <\/i>which was imported in an unlawful manner;1915 <\/sup><\/span>confiscation of means of transportation and goods for alleged evasion of payment of customs duty;1916<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Deprivation of the right to dispose and use <\/i>socially owned building land intended for a certain purpose according to the urban development plan;1917<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Confiscation of land appropriated in an unlawful manner<\/i>;1918<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Refusal to return an apartment <\/i>over which the appellant does not have formal occupancy right but which he possesses lawfully, in which he had lived before the war, in respect of which he had paid utility bills on a regular basis, where the state authorities allowed him, despite the lack of contract on the use of apartment, to live in the apartment for years;1919<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Consideration of a claim for payment of pension in erroneous proceedings (within the meaning of the subject-matter competence)<\/i>;1920<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Disturbance of possession<\/i>, which was established in judicial proceedings, and the failure to comply with an order imposing the restoration to a previous state provided for by the law;1921<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Enforcement of a judicial decision on enforcement <\/i>relating to marital property although the wife\u2019s debt established in accordance with the law was not joint and several;1922<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Imposition of the payment of legal interest;<\/i>1923<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Failure to enforce a decision of the CRPC <\/i>despite the fact that there were not legal obstacles to it,1924 <\/sup><\/span>i.e.<\/i>, incomplete enforcement of <\/i>a decision on the return of an abandoned apartment;1925<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Prevention of the exercise of minority rights of the shareholders<\/i>;1926<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 De facto <\/i>suspension of payment of disability pension<\/i>;1927<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Dismissal of a claim for damages caused by the violation of the rights over non-monetary assets;1928<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Unconstitutional failure to regulate property status <\/i>(foreign currency deposits).1929<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Deprivation of property occurs in principle only when an owner is deprived of all his rights in accordance with the law or by application of a legal authorization with the same effects.1897 If the owner has his ownership right de iure but he is practically prevented from using his land, since the State uses it … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":12020,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12021","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nDeprivation: de facto and de iure - Commentary on BiH Constitution<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/protection-of-property-article-1-of-additional-protocol-no-1-to-the-echr\/interference-with-the-right-to-property\/deprivation-de-facto-and-de-iure\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Deprivation: de facto and de iure - 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