{"id":11952,"date":"2024-12-09T12:10:24","date_gmt":"2024-12-09T11:10:24","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-12-09T16:16:02","modified_gmt":"2024-12-09T15:16:02","slug":"ii-evidentiary-proceedings","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/the-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-of-the-echr\/the-general-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-paragraph-1-of-the-echr\/other-general-requirements-of-fair-proceedings\/ii-evidentiary-proceedings\/","title":{"rendered":"ii. Evidentiary proceedings"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"p1\">Evidentiary proceedings, in principle, fall within the jurisdiction of the ordinary courts, which, as dominus litis, enjoy a wide margin of appreciation in relation to the issue of admissibility of evidence proposed and its respective assessment.<span class=\"s1\"><sup>1349 <\/sup><\/span>Rejecting certain evidence shall violate Article 6, paragraph 1 of the ECHR if the appellant is able to prove that the rejected evidence is of crucial importance for the correct establishment of the facts of the case.<span class=\"s1\"><sup>1350 <\/sup><\/span>For that matter, precisely in evidentiary proceedings the principle of \u201cequality of arms\u201d is of decisive relevance.<span class=\"s1\"><sup>1351 <\/sup><\/span>No party to the proceedings may be privileged.<span class=\"s1\"><sup>1352 <\/sup><\/span>Each party to the proceedings is authorised to face evidence being presented in the contradictory procedure,<span class=\"s1\"><sup>1353 <\/sup><\/span>whereby the court is not obliged to allow for each and every piece of evidence to be presented.<span class=\"s1\"><sup>1354 <\/sup><\/span>Taking into account the principle of directness in the evidentiary proceedings, the restriction of one\u2019s right to face a piece of evidence presented during the contradictory procedure must be corroborated with an important and justified reason.<span class=\"s1\"><sup>1355<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Whether the principle of fair proceedings has been complied with must be observed from the standpoint of the proceedings as a whole, so that individual irregularities or issues of unlawfulness need not necessarily bring into question the entire evidentiary proceedings; as, the court decision can be based on other evidence as well, which the presentation has not been brought into question, or upon which omissions can be corrected at a later stage of the proceedings.<span class=\"s1\"><sup>1356<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">In cases where the provided reasoning for a decision is based on <b>indirect evidence or indications, <\/b>they must \u201cappear as a firm, closed circle allowing for just one conclusion in relation to the relevant fact, and, in objective terms, to completely rule out a possibility of a different conclusion in relation to the\u00a0respective fact\u201d.<span class=\"s1\"><sup>1357 <\/sup><\/span>Hearing anonymous or protected witnesses is not, in principle, prohibited if the rights of the accused are sufficiently protected by any other way.<span class=\"s1\"><sup>1358 <\/sup><\/span>However, a judgment must not be based exclusively on the statement of an anonymous or protected witness; in such cases it is necessary to provide reasoning based on additional evidence, which will apply in particular if the presentation of certain evidence by the defence has not been permitted.<span class=\"s1\"><sup>1359 <\/sup><\/span>The same shall apply to witnesses to whom the Office of the Prosecutor guarantees immunity in relation to certain criminal acts that the accused has been charged with.<span class=\"s1\"><sup>1360<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Evidentiary proceedings, in principle, fall within the jurisdiction of the ordinary courts, which, as dominus litis, enjoy a wide margin of appreciation in relation to the issue of admissibility of evidence proposed and its respective assessment.1349 Rejecting certain evidence shall violate Article 6, paragraph 1 of the ECHR if the appellant is able to prove &hellip; <a class=\"text-primary\" href=\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/the-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-of-the-echr\/the-general-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-paragraph-1-of-the-echr\/other-general-requirements-of-fair-proceedings\/ii-evidentiary-proceedings\/\">Read&nbsp;more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":11950,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11952","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>ii. Evidentiary proceedings - Commentary on BiH Constitution<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/the-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-of-the-echr\/the-general-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-paragraph-1-of-the-echr\/other-general-requirements-of-fair-proceedings\/ii-evidentiary-proceedings\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ii. Evidentiary proceedings - Commentary on BiH Constitution\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Evidentiary proceedings, in principle, fall within the jurisdiction of the ordinary courts, which, as dominus litis, enjoy a wide margin of appreciation in relation to the issue of admissibility of evidence proposed and its respective assessment.1349 Rejecting certain evidence shall violate Article 6, paragraph 1 of the ECHR if the appellant is able to prove &hellip; Read&nbsp;more\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/the-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-of-the-echr\/the-general-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-paragraph-1-of-the-echr\/other-general-requirements-of-fair-proceedings\/ii-evidentiary-proceedings\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Commentary on BiH Constitution\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-12-09T15:16:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/app\/uploads\/2024\/12\/flags.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"686\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/the-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-of-the-echr\/the-general-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-paragraph-1-of-the-echr\/other-general-requirements-of-fair-proceedings\/ii-evidentiary-proceedings\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/the-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-of-the-echr\/the-general-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-paragraph-1-of-the-echr\/other-general-requirements-of-fair-proceedings\/ii-evidentiary-proceedings\/\",\"name\":\"ii. Evidentiary proceedings - Commentary on BiH Constitution\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-12-09T11:10:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-12-09T15:16:02+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/the-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-of-the-echr\/the-general-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-paragraph-1-of-the-echr\/other-general-requirements-of-fair-proceedings\/ii-evidentiary-proceedings\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/the-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-of-the-echr\/the-general-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-paragraph-1-of-the-echr\/other-general-requirements-of-fair-proceedings\/ii-evidentiary-proceedings\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/the-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-of-the-echr\/the-general-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-paragraph-1-of-the-echr\/other-general-requirements-of-fair-proceedings\/ii-evidentiary-proceedings\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Article II \u2013 Human rights and fundamental freedoms\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"C. Obligation to directly apply the ECHR (Article II.2 of the BiH Constitution)\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"The right to a fair trial (Article 6 of the ECHR)\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/the-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-of-the-echr\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":5,\"name\":\"The general right to a fair trial (Article 6 paragraph 1 of the ECHR)\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/the-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-of-the-echr\/the-general-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-paragraph-1-of-the-echr\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":6,\"name\":\"Other general requirements of fair proceedings\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/the-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-of-the-echr\/the-general-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-paragraph-1-of-the-echr\/other-general-requirements-of-fair-proceedings\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":7,\"name\":\"ii. Evidentiary proceedings\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/\",\"name\":\"UstavBiH.ba\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/#organization\",\"name\":\"UstavBiH.ba\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/app\/uploads\/2024\/12\/flags.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/app\/uploads\/2024\/12\/flags.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":686,\"caption\":\"UstavBiH.ba\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"ii. Evidentiary proceedings - Commentary on BiH Constitution","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/the-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-of-the-echr\/the-general-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-paragraph-1-of-the-echr\/other-general-requirements-of-fair-proceedings\/ii-evidentiary-proceedings\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"ii. Evidentiary proceedings - Commentary on BiH Constitution","og_description":"Evidentiary proceedings, in principle, fall within the jurisdiction of the ordinary courts, which, as dominus litis, enjoy a wide margin of appreciation in relation to the issue of admissibility of evidence proposed and its respective assessment.1349 Rejecting certain evidence shall violate Article 6, paragraph 1 of the ECHR if the appellant is able to prove &hellip; Read&nbsp;more","og_url":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/the-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-of-the-echr\/the-general-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-paragraph-1-of-the-echr\/other-general-requirements-of-fair-proceedings\/ii-evidentiary-proceedings\/","og_site_name":"Commentary on BiH Constitution","article_modified_time":"2024-12-09T15:16:02+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1920,"height":686,"url":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/app\/uploads\/2024\/12\/flags.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/the-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-of-the-echr\/the-general-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-paragraph-1-of-the-echr\/other-general-requirements-of-fair-proceedings\/ii-evidentiary-proceedings\/","url":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/the-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-of-the-echr\/the-general-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-paragraph-1-of-the-echr\/other-general-requirements-of-fair-proceedings\/ii-evidentiary-proceedings\/","name":"ii. Evidentiary proceedings - Commentary on BiH Constitution","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/#website"},"datePublished":"2024-12-09T11:10:24+00:00","dateModified":"2024-12-09T15:16:02+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/the-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-of-the-echr\/the-general-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-paragraph-1-of-the-echr\/other-general-requirements-of-fair-proceedings\/ii-evidentiary-proceedings\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/the-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-of-the-echr\/the-general-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-paragraph-1-of-the-echr\/other-general-requirements-of-fair-proceedings\/ii-evidentiary-proceedings\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/the-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-of-the-echr\/the-general-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-paragraph-1-of-the-echr\/other-general-requirements-of-fair-proceedings\/ii-evidentiary-proceedings\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Article II \u2013 Human rights and fundamental freedoms","item":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"C. Obligation to directly apply the ECHR (Article II.2 of the BiH Constitution)","item":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"The right to a fair trial (Article 6 of the ECHR)","item":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/the-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-of-the-echr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":5,"name":"The general right to a fair trial (Article 6 paragraph 1 of the ECHR)","item":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/the-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-of-the-echr\/the-general-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-paragraph-1-of-the-echr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":6,"name":"Other general requirements of fair proceedings","item":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/the-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-of-the-echr\/the-general-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-paragraph-1-of-the-echr\/other-general-requirements-of-fair-proceedings\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":7,"name":"ii. Evidentiary proceedings"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/","name":"UstavBiH.ba","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/#organization","name":"UstavBiH.ba","url":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/app\/uploads\/2024\/12\/flags.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/app\/uploads\/2024\/12\/flags.jpg","width":1920,"height":686,"caption":"UstavBiH.ba"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11952","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11952"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11952\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12542,"href":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11952\/revisions\/12542"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11950"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11952"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}