{"id":11936,"date":"2024-12-09T12:10:24","date_gmt":"2024-12-09T11:10:24","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-12-09T16:08:38","modified_gmt":"2024-12-09T15:08:38","slug":"iii-civil-claim","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/the-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-of-the-echr\/the-general-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-paragraph-1-of-the-echr\/conditions-of-application\/iii-civil-claim\/","title":{"rendered":"iii. \u201cCivil\u201d Claim"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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CH\/98\/1309 et al<\/i>.-D&M Kajta\u017e et al<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20010907<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

CH\/98\/166 D&M Bjelonja<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20030207<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

CH\/99\/1427 Safi\u0107<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20050606<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

CH\/99\/1838 et al<\/i>.-D&M Karan et al<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20030704<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

CH\/99\/2503 Kubur<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20060111<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

CH\/99\/2743 D&M Sara\u010d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20030704<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

CH\/99\/2763 Halilovi\u0107<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20051107<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

CH\/99\/3375 D&M E. \u017d.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20031205<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

U 104\/03 K. M.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20040419<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

U 109\/03 S. B.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20040517<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

U 128\/03 \u201eKu\u0107ni savjet\u201c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20040922<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

U 18\/00 Hajdarevi\u0107<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20021019 OG of BiH<\/i>, No. 30\/02<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

U 2\/99 Kadeni\u0107 & Mesinovi\u0107<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

19991122 OG of BiH<\/i>, No. 20\/99<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

U 27\/01 HA-EMM<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20020423 OG of BiH<\/i>, No. 08\/02<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

U 3\/01 \u201e\u010cajavec holding\u201c et al<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20020312 OG of BiH<\/i>, No. 05\/02<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

U 3\/99 H.D.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20000810 OG of BiH<\/i>, No. 21\/00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

U 35\/03 Z. G.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20040721<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

U 39\/00 Assembly of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20010926 OG of BiH<\/i>, No. 24\/01<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

U 39\/03 S. A.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20040130<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

U 47\/02 BAZ AGRO d.o.o. Mostar<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20040121<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

U 5\/00 Elezovi\u0107<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20010119 OG of BiH<\/i>, No. 01\/01<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

U 55\/01 Fifi\u0107<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20020829 OG of BiH<\/i>, No. 24\/02<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

U 58\/01 R. R.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20031229 OG of BiH<\/i>, No. 43\/03<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

U 6\/00 Dolini\u0107 et al<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20020524 OG of BiH<\/i>, No. 10\/02<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

U 6\/98 Juri\u0107<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

19991122 OG of BiH<\/i>, No. 20\/99<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

U 63\/02 BAZ MP d.o.o. Mostar<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20040121<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

U 65\/02 D\u017e. A.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20031229 OG of BiH<\/i>, No. 43\/03<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

U 66\/03 A. B.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20040721<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

U 7\/99-1 Smaji\u0107<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20000131 OG of BiH<\/i>, No. 03\/00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

U 70\/03 K. M.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20040130<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

U 8\/00 Hrelji\u0107<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20000818 OG of BiH<\/i>, No. 22\/00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Article 6, paragraph 1 of the ECHR applies to disputes either between two private individuals or between a private individual and the State, the result of which is decisive for civil rights and obligations.982 <\/sup><\/span>Considering that the notion \u201ccivil\u201d, within the meaning of Article 6, paragraph 1 of the ECHR, is independent of a definition in the domestic legislation, the domestic legal system of the State, however, may be taken as a starting point for deciding the legal nature of the dispute. Substantive criteria as well as the effects of the right, of itself, are of great significance for an individual.983 <\/sup><\/span>In addition, it is necessary to compare the legal systems of other states in order to investigate whether or not there is a specific notion of \u201ccivil rights and obligations\u201d, which encompasses the substratum of a particular case.984 <\/sup><\/span>In a \u201cgrey zone\u201d between public and private rights, i.e., in administrative proceedings which also result in civil rights violations, for Article 6, paragraph 1 of the ECHR to be applied it does not suffice that such proceedings have little relevance to or only insignificant effects on civil rights and obligations; it is essential that a civil right or obligation, of itself, is the only or one of the only subject-matters of the dispute, i.e., the proceedings, so that the result of these proceedings directly determines the relevant civil right or obligation.985 <\/sup><\/span>This is the case where, for instance, de-expropriation, i.e., the return of expropriated property is to be decided in administrative proceedings.986<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

The effect of the Constitutional Court\u2019s request, according to which the State must secure minimum procedural guarantees, including judicial review and the right of any party to participate in proceedings, irrespective of the legal nature of the claim in question, i.e., no matter whether it concerns civil rights or obligations, or a public claim, is unclear.987 <\/sup><\/span>It is \u201cunclear\u201d given that the Constitutional Court, after its Decision of 28 March 2003, rejected, on formal grounds, numerous appeals related to a breach of Article 6 of the ECHR in public disputes.988 <\/sup><\/span>In the following text, a systematic review of and guide to the case-law of the BiH Constitutional Court, the Human Rights Chamber for BIH and the Human Rights Commission within the BiH Constitutional Court relating to the rights and obligations defined as \u201ccivil\u201d is presented.<\/p>\n

The civil nature of the claims is UPHELD:<\/p>\n

\u25a0 Legal counsel, the right to be registered into a counsel register;989<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Copyright;990<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Bank guarantee;991<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Shareholders\u2019 rights;992<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Insurance contributions, a dispute on;993<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Work permit;994<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Life support, a contract on;995<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Citizenship, the right to;996<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Expropriation proceedings;997<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Building permit;998<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 The use of land for construction purposes;999<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Property claims;1000<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Immunity, the right to;1001<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Infrastructure services;1002<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Disability, the right to the determination of;1003<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Alimony, obligations arising from marriage;1004<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Benefits under a social-security scheme;1005<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Interest;1006<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Loan, the creditor\u2019s right to request the repayment of;1007<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Boundary, a dispute about;1008<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Lease;1009<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Reimbursement of compulsory and useful costs;1010<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Contractual obligations;1011<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Education;1012<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Parenting and Childcare;1013<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Awarding of a broadcasting licence to the RTV station;1014<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Compensation claim1015 <\/sup><\/span>(see, however, below, about disputes related to the amount of the claim, which, according to the Constitutional Court\u2019s case law, are exempted from the application of Article 6 of the ECHR);<\/p>\n

\u25a0 Compensation claim in criminal proceedings by an injured party;1016<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Inheritance, the right to;1017<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Severance pay, the right arising from employment;1018<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Pension, disability, claims arising from the right to;1019<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Retirement, early;1020<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Retirement, old-age;1021<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Pension, foreign;1022<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Possession;1023<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Procedure of regulatory planning;1024<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Procedural decisions;1025<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Hours of work;1026<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Employment relations;1027<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Divorce, the right to;1028<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Paupers\u2019 rights;1029<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Servitude;1030<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Social welfare card, the right to have a;1031<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Merger proceedings, the right to;1032<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Housing list;1033<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Apartment;1034<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Dwelling costs;1035<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Status-related disputes;1036<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Damage compensation;1037<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Costs of the proceedings;1038<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Costs of the proceedings;1039<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Registration of ownership rights in the land registry;1040<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Registration of ownership in the land registry, challenging the registration of ownership.1041<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

The civil nature of the claims is DISPUTED:<\/p>\n

As to the question of whether labour disputes and disputes arising from employment of civil servants, officials and other public servants may be deemed to be civil disputes and, thereby, fall within the ambit of the right to a fair trial, the HRC for BiH expanded not only the Strasbourg case-law but its own, too: a staring point to resolve this issue was the principle according to which disputes relating to the recruitment, careers and termination of service of civil servants could not be deemed to affect a civil right.1042 <\/sup><\/span>Furthermore, the Chamber, in accordance with the case-law of the Strasbourg organs, made an exception stating that, under particular circumstances, disputes may be deemed to be civil disputes where the claims at issue relate to a purely \u201ceconomic right\u201d (such as payment of a salary or a pension), or at least an \u201cessentially economic\u201d right.1043 <\/sup><\/span>The Constitutional Court, as well as the Human Rights Chamber for BiH, referred concurrently to the functional criterion, established in the case-law of the European Court, according to which certain positions in the public-service sector, which involve responsibilities in the general interest or participation in the exercise of powers conferred by public law, are not afforded the protection of the right to a fair trial.1044 <\/sup><\/span>Therefore, the only disputes excluded from the scope of Article 6, paragraph 1 of the ECHR are those which are instituted by civil servants whose duties typify the specific activities of public service insofar as the latter is acting as the depositary of public authority responsible for protecting the general interests of the State or other public authorities. A manifest example of such activities is provided by the armed forces and the police. According to this position, Article 6, paragraph 1 of the ECHR does not apply to disputes between civil servants and public institutions, i.e., administrative institutions, participating in the exercise of powers conferred by public law.1045 <\/sup><\/span>To determine the applicability of Article 6, paragraph 1 of the ECHR to public servants, irrespective of whether they are hired under contracts for temporary staff services, it is necessary to adopt a functional criterion based on the nature of the duties and obligations of a civil servant. In this regard, it is necessary, in light of the object and purpose of the ECHR, to employ a restrictive interpretation on exceptions from Article 6, paragraph 1 of the ECHR.1046 <\/sup><\/span>Certain public positions, in particular those within the police force and armed forces, serve to enforce the State\u2019s sovereign power, as stipulated by public law; some do not have such a function. Only in the first case can it be recognised that the State has a legitimate interest in requiring of these servants a special bond of trust and loyalty. On the other hand, in respect of other positions, which do not have this \u201cpublic administration\u201d aspect, as described above, there is no such interest.1047 <\/sup><\/span>In each particular case, it is necessary to ascertain whether the applicant\u2019s position entails \u2013 in respect of the nature of the duties and responsibilities appertaining to it \u2013 direct or indirect participation in the exercise of powers conferred by public law and duties designed to safeguard the general interests of the State or of other public authorities. In Case No. U 58\/01,1048 <\/sup><\/span>the Constitutional Court decided that the appellant, as an employee of the Ministry of Interior, who is conferred with sovereign power, did not enjoy the protection of Article 6, paragraph 1 of the ECHR. Conversely, the Constitutional Court decided that the school teacher was entitled to protection.1049 <\/sup><\/span>On 24 October 2003, practically at the same time when the Constitutional Court took the Decision in Case No. U 58\/01, on 5 November 2003, the Human Rights Chamber for BiH passed its Decision in Case No. CH\/99\/3375 (the Chamber\u2019s decision was delivered on 5 December 2003, and only on 29 December 2003 was the decision of the Constitutional Court published in the Official Gazette). In the aforementioned decision, the Chamber departed from its previous case-law,1050 <\/sup><\/span>as well as from the Constitutional Court\u2019s case-law established in Case No. U 58\/01, where the court upheld the functional criterion of separation and extended the application of Article 6 of the ECHR also to the disputes raised by civil servants who participate in the exercise of the State\u2019s sovereign powers conferred by public law; however, there are exceptions as to certain positions in the public service, in particular the positions of the highest ranks, which cannot be afforded the guarantees of Article 6 paragraph 1 of the ECHR, because appointment to them and termination from them necessarily involves the exercise of wide discretion.1051 <\/sup><\/span>The Human Rights Chamber, in principle, offered three arguments in support of such an extension of the Strasbourg case-law: first, in a democratic society within the meaning of the ECHR, the right to fair administration of justice holds such a prominent place that a restrictive interpretation would be contrary to ratio legis.1052 <\/sup><\/span>Second, in the Chamber\u2019s view, the main reasons to exempt disputes relating to civil servants from the ambit of Article 6 of the ECHR, such as the special bond of trust and loyalty in the exercise of powers conferred by public law, cannot be applied where the relevant law treats those public servants equally as any other employees, as it is the case in the public-service sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Furthermore, being supportive of the opinion of the four judges dissenting in the Pellegrin case, the Human Rights Chamber cannot understand that, in a State governed by the rule of law, civil servants are entitled to the right to court proceedings as any other citizen and, at the same time, the elements of a fair trial are not guaranteed to them also in the extreme cases relating to protection against possible arbitrariness in the proceedings. Thirdly, the Chamber highlighted that the scope of Article 6 of the ECHR should be interpreted in light of other obligations undertaken by the Annex 6 Signatory Parties and, in particular, those related to the right to a fair trial under Article 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights \u2013 even where the Chamber, pursuant to Article II.2(b) of Annex 6, is competent to safeguard the rights mentioned in the Appendix to Annex 6 only as to the claims related to alleged discrimination. The UN Human Rights Committee, however, in its consistent case-law1053 <\/sup><\/span>interpreted Article 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights so that the concept of \u201csuit at law\u201d was based on the nature of the right in question rather than on the status of one of the parties. According to the said case-law, the procedure concerning a dismissal from employment constituted the determination of rights and obligations in a suit at law even if related to a fireman or a policeman.1054<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

At the time, the Chamber\u2019s case-law and the Constitutional Court\u2019s case-law relating to the mentioned issues were manifestly incompatible. Given the fact that the decisions were passed at the same time and without observing each other\u2019s decisions, and taking into account that it related to the two completely different judicial bodies, any reference to the \u201csubsequent\u201d case-law would be irrelevant. In any event, it would be difficult for the Constitutional Court to disagree, at least, with the third argument (the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights), and, particularly, given that the Constitutional Court\u2019s hands are not \u201ctied\u201d, unlike the Chamber\u2019s, considering the restrictions set forth in Article II.2(b) of Annex 6.1055<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

Subsequently, the Human Rights Commission within the BiH Constitutional Court returned to the case-law established in the Pellegrin case, and applied the principle of separation under the functional criterion. In so doing, it observed the duties and responsibilities of an injured party, and in practice, exempted not only high-ranking officials and civil servants, e.g., judges1056 <\/sup><\/span>or former officials in public security1057 <\/sup><\/span>but also officers of the Armed Forces1058 <\/sup><\/span>or low- ranking policemen,1059 <\/sup><\/span>from the protection of Article 6 of the ECHR.<\/p>\n

Thereafter, the Constitutional Court\u2019s case-law was inconsistent. In the Decision taken in Case No. AP 39\/03, the Constitutional Court upheld the position according to which almost each public or private, physical or legal entity, including even the State as a legal subject,1060 <\/sup><\/span>enjoy the protection. Thus, the appeals lodged for a violation of the right to a fair trial were declared admissible in cases related to the dismissal of the Head of the Police,1061 <\/sup><\/span>or of the soldier,1062 <\/sup><\/span>as well as of the Public Prosecutor.1063 <\/sup><\/span>The Constitutional Court, however, decided differently in the proceedings regarding the appointment and dismissal of judges,1064 <\/sup><\/span>or in a dispute concerning a councillor\u2019s mandate,1065 <\/sup><\/span>as well as in a dispute relating to the promotion of a civil servant in the Ministry.1066 <\/sup><\/span>These appeals were declared inadmissible. Therefore, there has been no clear criterion for differentiation.<\/p>\n

The case-law established recently by the European Court has been of great assistance. In the Vilho Eskelinen v. Finland case,1067 <\/sup><\/span>the European Court further developed the functional criterion established in the Pellegrin case. According to this case-law, the safeguards of Article 6 of the ECHR, in any case, should be afforded to all civil servants who have access to judicial review under domestic law.1068 <\/sup><\/span>The Constitutional Court has also accepted this position.1069<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

The Constitutional Court\u2019s case-law with regard to the proceedings related to the privatisation of social\/state property is inconsistent, too. In Case No. AP 365\/04, the Constitutional Court declined to recognise the proceedings, i.e., the dispute related to the offer for privatisation of the public company, as civil.1070 <\/sup><\/span>Contrary to the aforementioned, in Case No. AP 1044\/04, the Constitutional Court decided that the appeal related to the determination of validity of the offer given in the course of the privatisation of the public real property was admissible and took the decision on the merits, establishing a breach of Article 6 of the ECHR.1071<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

In addition, the case-law remains unclear also as to the electoral right. In Case No. AP 2679\/06, there was a dispute between one political party and the Central Election Commission of BiH as to the election of a candidate to the State legislative authority. In the view of the Constitutional Court of BiH, a political party takes part in elections based on a list of its registered candidates, so that the dispute could be characterised as civil.1072 <\/sup><\/span>On the other hand, in Case No. AP 35\/03, the Constitutional Court concluded that both active and passive electoral rights are not civil rights but subjective political rights and, consequently, Article 6 of the ECHR is not applicable, but rather Article 3 of Additional Protocol 1 to ECHR applies.<\/p>\n

Also, in the Constitutional Court\u2019s view, appeals related to public expenditure may raise an issue, too. Positively, tax debt collection through administrative proceedings cannot be characterised as a civil, but rather a public obligation. Therefore, in such cases, Article 6 of the ECHR does not apply.1073 <\/sup><\/span>It is obvious that Article 6 of the ECHR does not apply to certain proceedings related to customs duties;1074 <\/sup><\/span>however, it is applicable to other proceedings.1075<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

The civil nature of the claims is DENIED<\/p>\n

\u25a0 Amnesty, a request for;1076<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Asylum;1077<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Permission to stay lodged by aliens, a decision on a request for;1078<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Donation, the right to;1079<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Citizenship, the right to;1080<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Immunity, a request to;1081<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Loan, collateral;1082<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Compensation, the right to the amount of compensation;1083<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Obtain evidence, a request to;1084<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Pension, a request for the amount of;1085<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Job application, a dispute over the lawfulness of a job vacancy announcement;1086<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Connection to the Water Supply System, obligation to remove an illegal connection to the water supply system;1087<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Privatisation process, methodology and privatisation program;1088<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Expulsion of aliens;1089<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Work, the right to;1090<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Work permit for aliens;1091<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 RTV fee, obligation to pay;1092<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Apartment, a request to be placed on a housing list;1093 <\/sup><\/span>a request for allocation of an apartment;1094<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 The moving of an alien into the country;1095<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Ownership, a request to have the seized property restored;1096<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25a0 Minutes, the right to have the validity of the minutes determined.1097<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

AP 1\/03 S. B. 20040615 AP 100\/04 Trade Union \u201cDoboj-putevi\u201d et al. 20050422 AP 102\/03 M. K. 20041014 AP 1028\/04 \u010cejevi\u0107 20050212 AP 1029\/04 M. P. 20050615 AP 1044\/04 M. M. 20050426 AP 1071\/04 Dup\u010danin 20051013 AP 1071\/04 Dup\u010danin 20051013 AP 1080\/04 Div\u010di\u0107 20051117 AP 1111\/05 Op\u0161tina Grude 20060509 AP 1115\/04 Arseni\u0107 20051117 AP 1118\/04 … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":11933,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11936","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\niii. \u201cCivil\u201d Claim - Commentary on BiH Constitution<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ustavbih.ba\/en\/article-ii-human-rights-and-fundamental-freedoms\/c-obligation-to-directly-apply-the-echr-article-ii-2-of-the-bih-constitution\/the-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-of-the-echr\/the-general-right-to-a-fair-trial-article-6-paragraph-1-of-the-echr\/conditions-of-application\/iii-civil-claim\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"iii. \u201cCivil\u201d Claim - Commentary on BiH Constitution\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"AP 1\/03 S. 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